Hundreds of citizens across Japan are set to file a landmark lawsuit against the central government on Thursday, accusing it of unconstitutional inaction on climate change. This is the first case in the country where damages are being sought directly from the state over its handling of the climate crisis.
Around 450 plaintiffs argue that Japan&rsquo;s climate policies are grossly inadequate and threaten their health, livelihoods, and right to a stable environment. The lawsuit claims that rising temperatures and extreme heatwaves are already causing economic losses, health risks, and reduced quality of life.
Japan experienced its hottest summer on record this year, with temperatures rising to unprecedented levels since nationwide records began in 1898. The plaintiffs argue that such conditions are damaging crops, increasing heatstroke risks, and restricting everyday activities, especially for children and outdoor workers.
Legal experts note that while climate-related lawsuits have previously been filed in Japan, mainly targeting coal-fired power plants, this is the first compensation claim aimed directly at the government. The suit seeks symbolic damages of 1,000 yen per person, focusing more on accountability than financial compensation.
The case also challenges Japan&rsquo;s current emissions reduction targets, arguing they are incompatible with the Paris Agreement&rsquo;s goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. While Japan plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 60 percent by 2035 and 73 percent by 2040 compared to 2013 levels, the plaintiffs say these goals fall far short of international scientific recommendations and are not legally binding.
The lawsuit draws inspiration from similar global cases, including successful climate rulings in South Korea and Germany, where courts have found government climate policies unconstitutional. Although legal observers believe the chances of a courtroom victory are limited, they say the case could significantly raise public awareness and pressure policymakers to act.

Hundreds sue Japanese government over alleged unconstitutional climate failures

Japan Faces Landmark Climate Inaction Lawsuit

Hundreds sue Japanese government over alleged unconstitutional climate failures

December 18, 2025 | 12:04 IST