<p data-start="243" data-end="723">In what may become a defining moment for South Asia&rsquo;s evolving air power matrix, Pakistan is reportedly set to acquire up to 40 units of <a title="China" href="https://www.benefitnews24.com/defence/india-downs-pl-15e-sets-off-global-missile-scramble/12039" target="_blank" rel="noopener">China&rsquo;s</a> fifth-generation stealth fighter, the J-35. The stealth aircraft&mdash;known as the FC-31 in its export form&mdash;represents a generational leap for the Pakistan Air Force (PAF), positioning it within the elite cadre of operators of fifth-generation jets. For India, this is not just a procurement across the border&mdash;it&rsquo;s a strategic wake-up call.</p>
<h3 data-start="725" data-end="764">A New Phase in Regional Air Warfare</h3>
<p data-start="766" data-end="1264">Unveiled by <a title="China" href="https://www.benefitnews24.com/defence/indonesia-eyes-j-10-shift-in-defence-doctrine/13130" target="_blank" rel="noopener">China</a> in late 2024, the J-35 is a twin-engine, single-seat, multi-role stealth fighter built by Shenyang Aircraft Corporation. It boasts advanced avionics including an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, electro-optical targeting systems, and infrared search-and-track capability. The aircraft is designed to operate in contested airspaces, with low radar observability, high sensor fusion, and long-range engagement capacity&mdash;typical of fifth-generation design philosophy.</p>
<p data-start="1266" data-end="1615">While China&rsquo;s People's Liberation Army Navy is preparing to deploy the naval version on its aircraft carriers, Pakistan&rsquo;s version is expected to be the land-based FC-31, adapted for export. Though it may lack some of the internal datalink networks found in the Chinese variant, the core combat systems and stealth attributes are likely to be intact.</p>
<h3 data-start="1617" data-end="1657">Missile Superiority and Strike Reach</h3>
<p data-start="1659" data-end="2010">Of particular concern to <a title="India" href="https://www.benefitnews24.com/opinion/india-s-operation-sindoor-sets-new-deterrence-line/10959" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Indian</a> defence planners is the J-35&rsquo;s reported compatibility with China&rsquo;s new generation of air-to-air missiles, notably the PL-15 and the PL-17. The former has already raised eyebrows with its beyond-visual-range (BVR) capabilities, and the latter is believed to have the ability to strike targets up to 400 kilometres away.</p>
<p data-start="2012" data-end="2400">Should these systems be delivered to Pakistan without export-specific downgrades, it would represent a credible first-strike threat to high-value Indian Air Force (IAF) assets&mdash;such as airborne early warning and control systems (AWACS), aerial refuellers, and forward-operating fighters&mdash;long before they reach their engagement envelopes. That changes the calculus of air defence for India.</p>
<h3 data-start="2402" data-end="2447">The Strategic Context: Beyond Procurement</h3>
<p data-start="2449" data-end="2786">The timing and scope of this acquisition point to deeper motives than mere modernisation. For Beijing, supplying the J-35 to Islamabad is a dual-purpose manoeuvre: it expands its influence as a global defence exporter and offers a real-world proving ground for its stealth technologies against Western-designed platforms like the Rafale.</p>
<p data-start="2788" data-end="3107">In this sense, Pakistan is not only a buyer&mdash;it becomes a proxy testing bed for Chinese air power in a high-threat theatre. Any engagement over South Asia would pit the J-35 against Western-origin fighters operated by India, offering China invaluable tactical and performance insights without directly entering conflict.</p>
<h3 data-start="3109" data-end="3141">India's Operational Concerns</h3>
<p data-start="3143" data-end="3550">At present, India&rsquo;s frontline fighters include the Su-30MKI, Rafale F3R, Mirage 2000, MiG-29UPG, and the indigenous Tejas Mk1. While the Rafale&mdash;armed with Meteor BVR missiles and equipped with the Spectra electronic warfare suite&mdash;offers a qualitative edge, it lacks stealth. The Su-30MKI, despite its payload and endurance, has a significant radar signature and is vulnerable in a contested BVR environment.</p>
<p data-start="3552" data-end="3922">With IAF&rsquo;s sanctioned squadron strength at 42 and current availability hovering near 31, the introduction of stealth fighters across both the northern and western fronts could stretch India&rsquo;s air combat capabilities. A joint operational scenario where China&rsquo;s J-20s and Pakistan&rsquo;s J-35s operate in a coordinated manner would severely test India&rsquo;s two-front preparedness.</p>
<h3 data-start="3924" data-end="3978">Implications for India&rsquo;s AMCA and Air Defence Grid</h3>
<p data-start="3980" data-end="4431">The J-35 deal underscores the urgency of India&rsquo;s Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) project, which remains in its early stages. Though ambitious, the timeline for serial production is unlikely to meet the immediate strategic demand. As a stopgap, India may be forced to explore interim options&mdash;either through enhanced Rafale acquisition, or partnerships for off-the-shelf fifth-generation technologies with allies like France or the United States.</p>
<p data-start="4433" data-end="4862">Beyond platforms, India must invest heavily in its sensor and network-centric warfare capabilities. The deployment of over-the-horizon radar systems, enhanced ground-based early warning sensors, and expansion of airborne surveillance assets are now imperative. Robust and survivable data-link architecture that integrates land, sea, and air assets will determine the efficacy of response in a high-electronic warfare environment.</p>
<p data-start="4864" data-end="5116">Simultaneously, a quantum leap in India&rsquo;s electronic warfare (EW) arsenal is essential. Counter-stealth radar, jamming platforms, and cyber-electromagnetic spectrum operations should be prioritised to neutralise the J-35&rsquo;s advantage in contested skies.</p>
<p data-start="4864" data-end="5116">&nbsp;</p>
<p data-start="4864" data-end="5116"><strong>ALSO READ: &nbsp;https://www.benefitnews24.com/defence/defence-ministry-forms-panel-to-revamp-acquisition-rules/14314</strong></p>
<h3 data-start="5118" data-end="5164">Strategic Balance and Regional Realignment</h3>
<p data-start="5166" data-end="5557">This deal also signals a deeper geopolitical shift. China&rsquo;s decision to transfer its most advanced manned combat aircraft to Pakistan breaks previous export restraints and is indicative of an aggressive military diplomacy. For Islamabad, the acquisition replaces an ageing mix of Mirage IIIs and early F-16s, offering a technological leap that also insulates it from Western export controls.</p>
<p data-start="5559" data-end="5947">For India, the implications are broader than bilateral tensions. The Beijing-Islamabad military compact is consolidating into a de facto regional bloc, with shared platforms, joint exercises, and possibly shared data networks. This may be China&rsquo;s way of boxing India into a multi-theatre deterrence posture, complicating its ability to project power or respond decisively on either front.</p>
<p data-start="5949" data-end="6254">India&rsquo;s long-standing partnerships with France, Russia, and the United States will likely be tested in response. The Indo-French defence corridor, critical technology transfers from the US, and continued co-development projects with Russia may all need a renewed push to maintain India&rsquo;s qualitative edge.</p>
<h3 data-start="6256" data-end="6273">Looking Ahead</h3>
<p data-start="6275" data-end="6516">The J-35&rsquo;s arrival in Pakistan will not be a mere addition to its air force&mdash;it will redefine the tactical environment over the subcontinent. It introduces a new stealth dynamic that the Indian military, until now, has only studied from afar.</p>
<p data-start="6518" data-end="6840">While India&rsquo;s air defence ecosystem is maturing and its indigenous programmes are ambitious, the clock has undeniably begun to tick faster. Strategic complacency is not an option. In an air battle, first detection and first engagement are often decisive&mdash;and in that realm, stealth is not a buzzword; it is a battle-winner.</p>
<p data-start="6842" data-end="6996">India must now recalibrate, rearm, and ready itself for a future where air superiority is not guaranteed, but must be contested every day, on every front.</p>

China's J-35 Jet fighters (image source: social media)

China’s stealth fighter sale to Pakistan shifts South Asia’s aerial balance and tests India’s defences

Pakistan’s J-35 Deal: A New Air Threat to India

China’s stealth fighter sale to Pakistan shifts South Asia’s aerial balance and tests India’s defences

June 21, 2025 | 16:12 IST